Headless notes and their articulations

[OCTO]

I am in doubt where to place articulations on headless notes. Articulations are, in the most cases, centered over/under noteheads.
Here the notehead is missing, therefore are the stems the main position factor?

Additional question: how about the end of the example? I am not sure where to place the octave symbol.

[OCTO]

another variant of the 8va position.

[David Ward]

I would do it as in the first example.

[John Ruggero]

Gould places the dots directly over the stems (page 404). This does seem better to me for the reason you gave: the stem is the only available "position factor".

For the same sort of reason, the octave sign would be placed over the last G only (see page 326 in Gould) since it is the only definite note available.

[OCTO]

For the same sort of reason, the octave sign would be placed over the last G only (see page 326 in Gould) since it is the only definite note available.

That is very interesting indeed, thank you John.
I will consider how to apply it.